Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric characteristics in a sample from the clinical Spanish population

Even though the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is one of the most popular instruments to assess anxiety today, only limited data is available about its psychometric characteristics and normative values in clinical Spanish populations. A study was conducted to test the psychometric characteristics of a Spanish adaptation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in a sample of 918 outpatients being treated at a community mental health center in Spain. Results confirmed the adaptation’s high internal consistency (∝ = .91), substantial test-retest reliability at 8-10 weeks (r = .84, p < .01), and satisfactory convergent validity with the Anxiety (r = .86, p < .01), Somatization (r = .81, p < .01), Obsessive compulsive (r = .60, p < .01), and Phobic Anxiety (r = .63, p < .01) dimensions of the SCL-90-R, and with the Anxious Thoughts Inventory (r = .57, p < .01). Gender differences in BAI scores did occur, so normative values appear separately for each gender (AU)

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Psychometric properties of the school anxiety inventory-short version in Spanish secondary education students / Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar-Versión Abreviada en estudiantes españoles de Educación Secundaria

BACKGROUND: The School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) can be applied in different fields of psychology. However, due to the inventory's administration time, it may not be useful in certain situations. To address this concern, the present study developed a short version of the SAI (the SAI-SV). METHOD: This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version (SAI-SV) using a sample of 2,367 (47.91% boys) Spanish secondary school students, ranging from 12 to 18 years of age. To analyze the dimensional structure of the SAI-SV, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated for SAI-SV scores. RESULTS: A correlated three-factor structure related to school situations (Anxiety about Aggression, Anxiety about Social Evaluation, and Anxiety about Academic Failure) and a three-factor structure related to the response systems of anxiety (Physiological Anxiety, Cognitive Anxiety, and Behavioral Anxiety) were identified and supported. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined to be appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability and validity evidence based on the internal structure of SAI-SV scores was satisfactory

ANTECEDENTES: el School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) puede ser aplicado en diferentes ámbitos de la Psicología aunque, debido su tiempo de administración, puede que no resulte útil en ciertas ocasiones. Para solucionar este problema, el presente estudio desarrolló una versión breve del SAI (el SAI-SV). MÉTODO: este estudio examinó la evidencia de fiabilidad y validez extraída de las puntuaciones del Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar-Breve (SAI-SV) utilizando una muestra de 2.367 (47,91% varones) estudiantes españoles de Secundaria, entre 12 y 18 años. Con el fin de analizar la estructura dimensional del SAI-SV se aplicaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. La consistencia interna (coeficientes alfa de Cronbach) y la fiabilidad test-retest se calcularon para las puntuaciones de la SAI-SV. RESULTADOS: una estructura de tres factores correlacionados en relación con las situaciones escolares (Ansiedad sobre Agresividad, Ansiedad sobre la Evaluación Social y Ansiedad sobre el Fracaso Escolar) y una estructura de tres factores relativos a los sistemas de respuesta de ansiedad (Ansiedad Fisiológica, Ansiedad Cognitiva y Ansiedad Conductual) fueron identificados y apoyados. La consistencia interna y la fiabilidad test-retest fueron apropiadas. CONCLUSIONES: la evidencia de fiabilidad y validez basada en la estructura interna de las puntuaciones del SAI-SV fue satisfactoria

Spanish adaptation and validation of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) / Adaptación y validación al español del Inventario de Adicción al Ejercicio (EAI)

Background: The purpose of this study was to validate the Addiction Exercise Inventory (EAI) in the Spanish context. Method: Five hundred and eighty-four university students participated in the study, completing a questionnaire that assessed exercise addiction, exercise frequency and intensity. Results: The results supported the factor structure of the EAI model. An alpha value of .70 and high level of temporal stability (ICC = .92) were obtained. The structure of the model was invariant across gender. A group of 87 students (14.9%) obtained a total score equal to or higher than 24 in the EAI and were classified as being at risk of exercise addiction. Students exercising more than three days per week at high intensity obtained higher scores in exercise addiction than students exercising at low-medium intensity, regardless of their frequency. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed the reliability and validity of the EAI in a Spanish context, providing a practical instrument that allows screening for exercise addiction (AU)

Antecedentes: el objetivo de este estudio fue validar al contexto español el Inventario de Adicción al Ejercicio (EAI). Método: quinientos ochenta y cuatro estudiantes universitarios participaron en el estudio, completando un cuestionario que evaluaba la adicción al ejercicio físico, la frecuencia y la intensidad de práctica física. Resultados: los resultados apoyaron la validez factorial del modelo del EAI. Se obtuvo un valor alfa de Cronbach igual a .70 y un nivel elevado de estabilidad temporal (ICC = .92). La estructura del modelo se mostró invariante respecto al género. Ochenta y siete estudiantes (14,9%) obtuvieron una puntuación total de 24 o más en el EAI, siendo clasificados como en riesgo de adicción. Los estudiantes que informaron realizar ejercicio con una frecuencia de más de tres días a la semana y una intensidad alta puntuaron más alto en adicción al ejercicio que los estudiantes que informaron realizar ejercicio con una intensidad baja-media, independientemente de su frecuencia de práctica semanal. Conclusiones: los resultados proporcionan evidencias para la fiabilidad y validez del EAI en el contexto español, lo que permite contar con un instrumento práctico y fácil de utilizar que posibilita realizar un tamizaje de la adicción al ejercicio (AU)

Rendimiento diagnóstico y estructura factorial del Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II) / Diagnostic performance and factorial structure of the Beck Depres-sion Inventory–Second Edition (BDI-II)

Este estudio tenía dos objetivos. Primero, analizar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la versión española del Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II) en una muestra de pacientes con trastornos psicológicos y, segundo, examinar si las soluciones unifactoriales y bifactoriales del BDI-II encontradas previamente en muestras similares son replicables y, de ser así, analizar la contribución relativa del factor general y de los dos factores específicos a la varianza del BDI-II. El BDI-II, junto con el módulo de los trastornos del estado de ánimo de la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para los Trastornos del Eje I del DSM-IV (SCID-I VC) y un listado de cotejo de síntomas depresivos completado por el clínico, fueron aplicados a una muestra española de 322 pacientes adultos ambulatorios con diversos tras-tornos psicológicos. Tomando como criterio el diagnóstico clínico basado en la SCID-I VC y el listado de cotejo de síntomas depresivos, el BDI-II demostró un rendimiento diagnóstico aceptable para discriminar entre pacientes con trastorno depresivo mayor y pacientes sin depresión. Los análisis factoriales indicaron que el BDI-II mide una dimensión general de de-presión compuesta por dos factores relacionados (somático y cognitivo), pero estos factores apenas explicaban varianza adicional más allá de la puntuación global (AU)

This study had to aims. The first aim was to analyze the diagnostic performance of the Spanish version of the Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition (BDI-II) in a sample of patients with psychological disorders. The second aim was to examine whether the one- and two-factor solutions previously found for the BDI-II in similar samples are replicable, and, if it is so, to analyze the independent contribution of the general factor and the two specific factors to the variance of the BDI-II. The BDI-II, along with the mood disorder module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, Clinical Version (SCID-I VC) and a clinician-administered checklist for depressive symptoms, were administered to a Spanish sample of 322 adult outpatients with a variety of psychological disorders. Taking as a criterion the clinical diagnosis based on the SCID-I VC and the checklist for depressive symptoms, the BDI-II showed an accept-able diagnostic performance to discriminate between patients with major depressive disorder and those without depression. Factor analyses suggested that the BDI-II assess a general depression dimension composed of two related factors (somatic and cognitive symptoms), but these factors hardly explained any additional variance beyond accounted for by the full-scale score (AU)

Estructura y adecuación del Inventario de Depresión de Beck en pacientes con fibromialgia / Structure and adequacy of the Beck Depression Inventory in patients with fi bromyalgia

El inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI) es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para la medida de la depresión en dolor crónico. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que analicen la estructura y adecuación del uso del BDI en estos pacientes. En este trabajo se han realizado análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios de los resultados del BDI en una muestra de 300 pacientes de fibromialgia. La estructura factorial exploratoria del BDI plantea tres factores que incluyen los síntomas cognitivos, afectivos y somáticos. Los análisis de ecuaciones estructurales realizados para confirmar el ajuste de os datos de esta muestra a los modelos recogidos en la literatura para el dolor crónico no han resultado significativos. Estos resultados parecen señalar que existen diferencias entre las manifestaciones depresivas de este tipo de pacientes y los de dolor crónico. Además, la peculiar estructura del BDI en esta muestra de pacientes parece indicar un solapamiento entre algunos síntomas depresivos y los síntomas de fibromialgia, que podría conducir a una sobreestimación de la ocurrencia de depresión, cuando ésta se mide con el BDI, sesgo que debería ser valorado y modificado (AU)

The Beck Depression inventory is a widely used instrument for the measurement of depression in chronic pain. However, there are no studies that analyze the structure and adequacy of the use of the BDI in these patients. In this work, we have carried out exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the results of the BDI in a sample of 300 patients with fibromyalgia. The factor structure of the exploratory BDI yields three factors that include cognitive, emotional and somatic symptoms. The structural equation analyses carried out to confirm the fit of the data in this sample with the models of chronic pain presented in the literature were not significant. These results indicate that there are differences between the depressive manifestations of this type of patients and those with chronic pain. In addition, the peculiar structure of the BDI in this sample of patients seems to indicate an overlap between some depressive symptoms and the symptoms of fibromyalgia, which could lead to an overestimation of the occurrence of depression when measured with the BDI, a bias that should be assessed and modified (AU)

Avaliação da implementação do sistema informatizado de cadastramento e acompanhamento de hipertensos e diabéticos (HIPERDIA) nos municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro / Assessment of the Implementation of the Computerized System of Enrollment and Follow-up of Hypertensive and Diabetics Patients (HIPERDIA) in the Municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro

O número de hipertensos e diabéticos cadastrados no sistema informatizado de cadastramento e acompanhamento de hipertensos e diabéticos (HIPERDIA) foi sugerido em 2005, pelo Ministério da Saúde como indicador suplementar do Pacto de Indicadores da Atenção Básica (Pacto). Como naquele ano o número de cadastros efetuados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ) estava bem aquém do estimado, foi encaminhado aos municípios, um questionário para avaliação do processo local de implementação do HIPERDIA. Recebemos o retorno de 72/92 (78,3%) questionários, onde 59/72 (82%) afirmaram ter o sistema instalado e 52/59 (88%) referiram a realização do cadastramento de pacientes e a digitação de dados. Dificuldades no cadastramento e na digitação foram referidas por 34/52 (65,4%) e por 19/52 (37%) municípios, respectivamente, relacionadas principalmente ao processo de trabalho das equipes e/ou a falta de estrutura do Programa de Hipertensão e Diabetes (HA e DM). A descontinuidade dos investimentos federais no aprimoramento do HIPERDIA, a rotatividade municipal dos coordenadores do Programa de HA e DM e dos responsáveis pelo HIPERDIA, a ausência de treinamento continuado e dificuldades de interlocução dos municípios com os técnicos do DATASUS e com a Coordenação estadual contribuíram para as dificuldades de implementação do HIPERDIA no estado do Rio de Janeiro.

In 2005, the Ministry of Health suggested, as an additional indicator in the Pact of Primary Care Indicators (Pact), using the number of hypertensive and diabetic patients entered into a computerized system known as HIPERDIA, for the enrollment and follow-up of hypertensive and diabetics patients. Because during that year the number of enrollments made in the State of Rio de Janeiro (RJS) was considerably below estimate, the municipalities were each sent a questionnaire to evaluate the local implementation process of HIPERDIA. Seventy-two of the 92 (78.3%) questionnaires were returned from which 59/72 (82%) confirmed having the system installed, and 52/59 (88%) reported carrying out patient enrollments and entering data. Difficulties in registration and data entry were reported by 34/52 (65. 4%) and 19/52 (37%) municipalities respectively, related primarily to the work processes of the health teams and/or to lack of structure in the Hypertension and Diabetes Program (HA and DM). Contributing to the difficulties of HIPERDIA implementation in the state of Rio de Janeiro were: discontinuity of federal investments in the improvement of the system; the municipal turnover of coordinators of the HA and DM Programs and those responsible for HIPERDIA; the lack of on-going training, and difficulties in dialogue between the municipalities with the DATASUS technicians and state Coordination.